Journal: Scientific Reports
Article Title: Bacteria forming drag-increasing streamers on a drop implicates complementary fates of rising deep-sea oil droplets
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61214-9
Figure Lengend Snippet: Gallery of a single oil droplet in flows with various dense suspensions containing ( A ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) in DI water ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.4$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.4 ); ( B ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) with minor bacterial contamination ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$O{D}_{600} < 0.01$$\end{document} O D 600 < 0.01 ) in DI water ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.4$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.4 ); ( C ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) spiked with Sagitulla stellata ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$O{D}_{600} < 0.01$$\end{document} O D 600 < 0.01 ) in sterilized Artificial Seawater (ASW, 25 ppt) with purified Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$10\,{\rm{mg}}\cdot {{\rm{l}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 mg ⋅ l − 1 ) from Sagitulla stellata ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.2$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.2 ); ( D ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) in ASW (25 ppt) with purified EPS ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1\,{\rm{mg}}\cdot {{\rm{l}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 1 mg ⋅ l − 1 ) from natural Gulf of Mexico microbial assemblage ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.2$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.2 ); ( E-G ) in situ cultured Pseudomonas sp (strain P62, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.35 < O{D}_{600} < 0.56$$\end{document} 0.35 < O D 600 < 0.56 ) in nutrient broth. Time lapsed micrographs of an oil droplet passing through Pseudomonas suspension recorded at Δ t = 16 min ( E ) and 50 min ( F ) immediately after the droplet encounters bacterial suspension, when several streamers are initiated ( E ) and a long streamer bundle is formed ( F ) respectively ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.4$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.4 ). ( G ) Multiple pinned droplets are interconnected by a web of EPS aggregates and streamers to form a larger oily aggregate after 120 h exposure to Pseudomonas (P62) suspension ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=1.6$$\end{document} R e D d = 1.6 ). Flow is downward in all panels. All images are taken using differential interference contrast (DIC) except for ( C ) with phase contrast. Scale: 100 μ m.
Article Snippet: Then 20 ml of sterile Nutrient Broth ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$8\,{\rm{g}}\,{{\rm{l}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 8 g l − 1 , Difco, BD Cat. No. 234000), is pipetted into a sterilized flask and inoculated with 100 μ l of −20 °C short term stock.
Techniques: Sterility, Purification, In Situ, Cell Culture, Suspension
![Gallery of a single oil droplet in flows with various dense suspensions containing ( A ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) in DI water ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.4$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.4 ); ( B ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) with minor bacterial contamination ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$O{D}_{600} < 0.01$$\end{document} O D 600 < 0.01 ) in DI water ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.4$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.4 ); ( C ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) spiked with Sagitulla stellata ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$O{D}_{600} < 0.01$$\end{document} O D 600 < 0.01 ) in sterilized Artificial Seawater (ASW, 25 ppt) with purified Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$10\,{\rm{mg}}\cdot {{\rm{l}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 mg ⋅ l − 1 ) from Sagitulla stellata ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.2$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.2 ); ( D ) sterile 1 μ m latex beads ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}^{8}\,{\rm{bds}}\cdot {{\rm{ml}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 10 8 bds ⋅ ml − 1 ) in ASW (25 ppt) with purified EPS ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1\,{\rm{mg}}\cdot {{\rm{l}}}^{-1}$$\end{document} 1 mg ⋅ l − 1 ) from natural Gulf of Mexico microbial assemblage ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.2$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.2 ); ( E-G ) in situ cultured Pseudomonas sp (strain P62, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.35 < O{D}_{600} < 0.56$$\end{document} 0.35 < O D 600 < 0.56 ) in nutrient broth. Time lapsed micrographs of an oil droplet passing through Pseudomonas suspension recorded at Δ t = 16 min ( E ) and 50 min ( F ) immediately after the droplet encounters bacterial suspension, when several streamers are initiated ( E ) and a long streamer bundle is formed ( F ) respectively ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=0.4$$\end{document} R e D d = 0.4 ). ( G ) Multiple pinned droplets are interconnected by a web of EPS aggregates and streamers to form a larger oily aggregate after 120 h exposure to Pseudomonas (P62) suspension ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R{e}_{{D}_{d}}=1.6$$\end{document} R e D d = 1.6 ). Flow is downward in all panels. All images are taken using differential interference contrast (DIC) except for ( C ) with phase contrast. Scale: 100 μ m.](https://pub-med-central-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_central_ids_ending_with_2730/pmc07062730/pmc07062730__41598_2020_61214_Fig1_HTML.jpg)